English Translation
1970-ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᑎᒥᑦ, ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐊᕐᒥᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᑦ 50 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᕆᔅᑕ ᐅᓗᔪᒃ ᔭᕙᑦᔅᑭ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᒃᑯᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᐅᖅᑎᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᓄᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ, ᑐᖓᕕᒋᓪᓗᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒧᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᒍᑎᒋᓪᓗᑎᒍᑦ. ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᖅᑰᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕋᓕᐅᕈᑎᒋᕙᒃᑕᕗᑦ, ᓴᖏᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑐᐃᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᑭᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ. ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᐸᒃᑕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᔾᔪᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᕋᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᓄᕕᓯᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᑎᒍᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖓᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᖓᕕᒋᔭᐅᕗᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ; ᑕᐃᒪᖓᓂᑐᖄᓗᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᕗᖅ.
ᔮᓂᑦ ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒃ ᖃᓛᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᖖᒋᐅᑦ (2003) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ, ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᒥᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 44.4 × 54.9 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᒥᐊᕆᔭᓐ ᔅᑲᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᖓᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ
ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕗᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᖓᓂᑐᖄᓗᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᖕᓂᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᖕᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒥᓄᑦ. ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᐅᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᑦ. ᒥᖅᓱᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖓ ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᑯᓘᓪᓗᖓ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᖕᒥᑦ, ᐃᒡᓗᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᖢᑕ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᑦᑎᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᒍᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥᓗ, ᑕᐃᒪᖓᓂᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑎᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖓ. ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓕ ᓱᓕ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᓐᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᑯᕙᒃᑐᖓ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᓐᓄᑦ, ᓄᐊᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᑦᒥ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓕᓵᖅᖢᖓ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᕋ ᐳᐊᓗᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᓂᒃ, ᐱᐊᓂᒃᑲᒃᑯ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᖅ—ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᖢᖓᓗ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᖢᖑ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ “ᑭ. ᐅᓗᖅ” ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᖓ—ᐊᒃᓱᐊᓗᒃ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒃᓗᖓ ᓇᒃᓯᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᕋ ᐃᑦᑐᓐᓄ ᐊᓇᓇᑦᑎᐊᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐃᓂᐸᐃᒥᐅᑕᓄᑦ, ᑕᑯᖁᓪᓗᒋ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᓐᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓚᐅᕐᓂᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᖅ; ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓄᑦ— ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᕈᓘᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ.
ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᖅ ᐊᑯᓂᐊᓗᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ, ᑐᖓᕕᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᖏᑦᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᖑᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᒃᓴᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒃ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᖅ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ 1963-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᓇᕙᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒪᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᑭᕗᑦ ᓴᓇᖑᐊᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᒃᑯᓯᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓪᓕᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑦᑎᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ.¹ ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒧᑦ 1960-ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓕᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᔾᔪᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐅᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓚᒥᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᕈᑎᒋᓕᖅᖢᓂᔾᔪᒃ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕈᑎᖃᐃᓐᓇᐅᔭᖅᑐᑦ.
ᔭᓯ ᑭᓇᓗᒐᕐᒃ ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (1979) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ 55.5 × 61.5 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᐃᓂᐸᐃᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᒧᖓ ᓱᕐᔾ-ᒧᑦ
ᑎᑭᑕᐅᕙᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᒃ, ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ, ᐃᓚᖃᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᕆᕗᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᑎᒎᓇᖅ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑕᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (1979) ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᔭᓯ ᑭᓇᓗᒐᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᑲᖅᖠᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ “1940-ᒥᑦ/ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᐱᖓ/ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ/ ᑐᒃᑐᑉ ᐊᒥᐊᓂᒃ/ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᕙᓗᒥᒃ” ᒥᖅᓱᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᖖᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᐸᔮᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑐᐱᕐᓂᒃ ᕿᑎᐊᓃᖢᑎᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᑐᐲᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᒃᑑᑉ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᓱᒪᓂᑐᖃᖅ ᐊᑐᕈᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑎᒍᑦ.
ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᒋᕗᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᖕᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔾᔮᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᖅᑎᐅᔪᓄᑦ.² ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ, ᐅᕙᓐᓄᓪᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᕙᒃᑕᒃᑲ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᖕᒪᑕ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑎᒍᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒃᐱᒍᓱᖕᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ.
ᓇᐃᐅᒥ ᐃᑦᔨ ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (ᑐᓐᓂᓕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑮᓇᐃᑦ) (c. 1990) ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 158.7 × 193.1 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ EXPANDINGINUIT.COM
ᑕᐃᓐᓇ 1974-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᖖᒑᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᔾᔪᑕᐅᒻᒪᕆᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐊᖑᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᒪᑯᐊ ᑕᕝᕙ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦ, ᓴᓇᖖᒍᐊᑦ, ᕿᑐᕐᖓᐅᔭᑦ, ᐅᔭᒥᑦ ᓇᒡᒍᐊᕐᒦᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᖁᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᖖᒍᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐊᖑᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑎᑭᓵᒃᓴᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᕕᕐᔨᓂᐊ ᔨ. ᐅᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓲᓴᓐ ᑲᐅᒪᓐ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑐᑭᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᐸᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐊᖑᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔪᒪᒻᒪᕆᒃᐸᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᑎᑭᓵᒃᓴᖅ ᒪᓕᒃᖢᒍ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᒻᒪᕆᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᔪᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᔪᒪᒻᒪᕆᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᐃᓕᓴᐱ ᐊᕐᓇᒐᖕᓂᖅ ᒫᑕ ᐊᑉᓴᖅ (1930–1995), ᓇᐅᒥ ᐃᑦᔨ (1928–2003), ᔭᓯ ᐅᓈᖅ (1906–1985), ᒥᐊᓕ ᔪᓯᐱᖅ ᓯᖓᑎ (1936–2017) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᐊᕆᔭᓐ ᑑ’ᓗᖅ (1910–2002)—ᑕᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᔪᑦ—ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑏᑦ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᓐᓂᖃᖅᐳᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᖑᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ—ᓲᕐᓗ ᓱᖓᐅᔭᓕᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᒃ— ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ.
ᒪᐃᕋ ᑯᑮᔭᐅᑦ ᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ (1989) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ 86.4 × 67.3 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᕗᐊᑎᖕᑕᓐ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ
ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (ᑮᓇᐃᑦ ᑐᓐᓂᓕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ) (c. 1990ᑎᐅᑎᓪᒍ) ᐆᒧᖓ ᓇᐃᐅᒥ ᐃᑦᔨᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓴᓇᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᑦᔨ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕙᖏᖢᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᑭᖑᕚᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐅᒃᐱᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᖓᒃᑯᐃ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᕿᓚᐅᔾᔭᖑᐊᖅᑑᒃ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᕿᒧᒃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᖑᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᓯᐅᖖᒍᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑭᕙᖕᒥᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑕᑯᓗᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᕋ ᐃᑦᔨᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᑦᔨ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᑐᓐᓂᓕᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᔪᓐᓃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ. ᖁᔭᓐᓇᒦᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓕᕐᒪᑕ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᑦᔨ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᖢᒋᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂᒋᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᕐᓗ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᖢᓂ ᑐᓐᓂᓕᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᑲᑉᐱᐊᓇᕈᓐᓂᖅᖢᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᒃᓴᖅ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᓛᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖕᒪᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ.
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᑦ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᓂᑦ, ᐳᐃᒍᔾᔭᐃᒃᑯᑕᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑐᑭᖃᒻᒪᕆᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᖕᒪᑕ. 2018-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓚᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᔭᓯ ᐅᓈᕐᒥᑦ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒥᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᕙᓂ ᐊᓚᒐᓚᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᒻᒪᕆᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᖢᒍ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᕙᑎᑐᖅ ᐃᕿᐊᓱᖏᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᒃᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᓂᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑖᔅᓱᒪ ᐊᕙᑎᑑᑉ ᓴᓇᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕈᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (c 1980-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ). ᓴᓇᔭᖏᑦᑕ ᑕᖅᓴᖏᑦ ᐱᐅᒻᒪᕆᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᕆᒃᖢᑎᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᔪᒃᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓲᕐᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᖅᖢᓂ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑎᑐᑦ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᓂᖓ ᐱᐅᒻᒪᕆᒃᖢᓂ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᒥᑦ ᔭᓯ ᐅᓈᖅ ᐱᔪᒪᓂᖃᒻᒪᕆᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖓ ᑖᔅᓱᑐᓇᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᖓ.
ᔭᓯ ᑭᓇᓗᒐᕐᒃ ᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (1979) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 70.5 × 76 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᐃᓂᐸᐃ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕆᔨ ᓱᕐᔾ ᓇᐅᕆᑦ
ᐱᔪᒪᓯᑲᐅᑎᒋᓂᖅ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᓂᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᒻᒪᕆᒃᐳᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᓄᑦ. ᐊᐃᕇᓐ ᐊᕙᓚᕿᐊᖅ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᖢᓂ, “ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐆᒪᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᓇᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ.”³ ᔮᓂᑦ ᓄᖕᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓂᕕᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑐᖅ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕙᑎᑐᖅ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑭᖑᕚᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑯᓄᖓ ᔭᓯ ᐅᓈᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᐊᕆᔭᓐ ᑐ’ᓗᕐᒧᑦ. ᓄᖕᓂᖅ, ᓴᓇᔭᖏᑦᑕ ᑕᖅᓴᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᓄᖕᓂᖅ ᐃᒻᒥᓂ ᓴᓇᓲᖑᕗᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᖅᖢᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᕙᒃᖢᓂᖏᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᕙᓚᕿᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᖢᓂ. ᐃᓕᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓈᓇᒥᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᔪᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᕕᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᒫᑕ ᑎᒃᑕᖅ ᐊᓇᐅᑕᓕᖕᒥᑦ (1928–2015), ᓄᖕᓂᖅ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᐸᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᖖᒐᓂᑦ 1970 ᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓕᑦᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓴᓇᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᓇᑦᑐᕋᓕᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓ (2018) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᕕᐅᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ (2007) ᓄᖏᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᖏᓐᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑕᕐᕋᖑᐊᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᓱᖓᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᔪᖏᓐᓂᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᑕᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ—2019—ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᖕᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᔾᔪᑕᐅᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ, ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᐹᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᔮᓂᑦ ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒃ ᑭᕕᐅᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ (2007) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓱᖓᐅᔭᓕᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ 88.9 × 144.8 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᒥᐊᕆᔮᓐ ᔅᑲᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ
ᓄᖕᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᓄᑕᕋᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᖑᐊᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᒃᐱᒋᔭᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᓴᓇᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᓇᓱᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ. ᐅᖃᓪᓚᖃᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᖕᓂᖅ, ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒨᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 6-ᓂᒃ ᐅᕙᓘᓐᓂᑦ 7-ᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖃᐅᒪᓗᐊᖏᒃᑲᖢᐊᖅᖢᓂ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᖢᓂ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᓄᑕᕋᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑕᕕᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᑯᕙᒃᑕᕕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᔨᖅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ. “ᐃᖃᐅᒪᖏᑦᑐᖓ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖁᑎᕗᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᖓ” ᐅᕙᓐᓄ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, “ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᒥᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᖓ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓈᓇᒐ ᓇᓃᑉᐸᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᒐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓂᕆᓂᐊᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ.”4 ᑖᓐᓇ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᖓ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᓂᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᕗᖅ ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᒋᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᑎᒍᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄ ᑐᓂᓯᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐊᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᒥᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖖᒋᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑲᑎᑎᑦᑎᓚᕗᖅ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᖅᖢᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓂᒋᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑦ ᑕᑯᓪᓗᒋ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᓵᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᔮᓂᑦ ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒃ ᓇᑦᑐᕋᓕᐅᑉ ᑕᕐᕋᖓ (2018) ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 146.1 × 203.2 cm ᐊᐃᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᒥᐊᕆᔭᓐ ᔅᑲᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓅᕙᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᕙᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᓂᒃᓚᓱᒃᑐᒥᐅᑕᐅᑎᓗᒋᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᓱᕋᖕᓂᐅᖕᒪᑕ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕋᔭᕐᒪᑕ ᓲᕐᓗ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓇᓱᐊᕐᓗᑕ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ, ᐅᖃᓪᓚᒍᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᖏᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓯᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ New York Times “ᐊᔪᖅᓴᕈᓐᓃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ: ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᕈᓐᓃᖅᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᖃᓚᐅᕋᓗᐊᕐᒪᑕ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᖕᒪᑕ,” ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᐃᕙᔾᔪᑎᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᓲᕐᓗ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᕙᒃᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ. ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᖑᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᔅᓱᒧᖓ ᐃᑦᔨᒧᑦ, ᓄᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑕᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ, ᓴᓇᕙᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔭᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᓂᖓᐅᖓ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒪᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒍᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᖑᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ, ᐱᖑᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒍᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓂᒡᓚᓱᒍᓐᓃᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᒃᓵᒥᒃ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᔭᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓲᖑᕗᒍᑦ, ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᓚᐅᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᖢᑕ,5 ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᓛᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖕᒪᑦ ᓴᓇᕙᒃᑕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᑦᑎᒃ ᓂᕕᖓᔪᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓪᓗᑕ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᑭᓇᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᖢᑎᒡᓗ ᑕᕝᕗᖕᒐ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓐ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔨᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᖕᒑᖅᑐᑦ ᓱᓕᖏᒻᒪᑕ. ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓂᕕᖓᔭᓕᐅᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᓯᒪᒻᒪᕆᖕᒪᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒡᓗ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᑦ ᓱᖁᓯᖏᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖏᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓱᓕ ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᒋᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᕕᐅᕙᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ.
ᒥᐊᕆᔭᓐ ᑐ’ᓗᕐᒃ ᐃᒡᒍᓯᖃᖖᒋᑦᑐᖅ (1979–80) ᖃᓪᓗᓇᖅᑕᖅ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖅᑕᖅ ᑕᖅᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓱᖓᐅᔭᓕᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ 113.5 × 150 cm ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦᑕ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᕐᕕᐊᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕆᔨ ᓕᑉᒪᓐ ᔅᑎᐅᓪ ᐊᔾᔨᖑᐊᑦ
NOTES
[1] ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᔪᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ 1960-ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ 1970-ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ. ᓴᓇᕕᒃ ᑯᐊᐸᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ 1990-ᒥᑦ.
[2] ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐊᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖄᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐊᖑᑎᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕙᖕᒥᔪᑦ. ᔨᒥ ᑕᐃᐸᓈ (1919–2000) ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᑯᒥᐊᖅ (1948–2009) ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᕕᖓᑕᓕᐅᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᒃ.
[3] ᓇᔅᐱ, ᔪᑎ. ᐊᐃᕇᓐ ᐊᕙᓚᕿᐊᖅ: ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᓕᔪᑦ. ᒪᕐᑐᕆᐊ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᖕᔅᑕᓐ: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002.
[4] ᔭᓂᑦ ᓄᖏᐅᑦ ᐅᖃᕐᓂᑯᐊ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑎᓯᐱᕆ 2019ᒥ.
[5] ᓯᒥᑦ, ᓕᓐᑕ ᑕᕼᐃᕙᐃ. “ᓯᕗᒧᐊᕐᓂᖅ.” ᖃᐅᔨᕈᑕᐅᔪᖅ: ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᕈᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᖅᑮᒃᓱᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᒧᖓ ᔪ-ᐊᓐ ᐊᕐᓯᐸᓪᑦ Q’uim Q’uim Xiiem et al. London UK: Zed Books, 2019.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᕐᒥᑦ 2020 ᑕ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᓐᓂᑦ.